Santal Religion

Tribal animist-spiritual practice.

Indigenous

Bhil Religion

Tribal practices rooted in animism and nature worship.

Indigenous

Animism

Belief in spiritual essence in nature across many cultures.

Indigenous

Ancestor Worship

Reverence for ancestors across East and Southeast Asia.

Indigenous

Integral Yoga

Sri Aurobindo’s spiritual evolution philosophy.

Modern Spiritual

Self-Inquiry

Direct path of self-awareness taught by Ramana Maharshi.

Modern Spiritual

Neo-Vedanta

Modern reinterpretation of classical Vedanta.

Modern Spiritual

Transcendental Meditation

Globalized mantra meditation practice.

Modern Spiritual

Ananda Marga

Yoga-based social and spiritual organization.

Modern Spiritual

Art of Living (Sri Sri Ravi Shankar)

Global movement focused on breathing and spiritual uplift.

Modern Spiritual

Brahma Kumaris

Spiritual university promoting soul consciousness.

Modern Spiritual

Theosophy

Western esotericism influenced by Hinduism/Buddhism.

Modern Spiritual

Eckankar

Modern path emphasizing soul travel and light/sound.

Modern Spiritual

Yoga Spiritualism

Secular-spiritual blend of ancient yoga with mindfulness.

Modern Spiritual

Bhakti Movements

Emotional devotion to a personal god.

Syncretic

Kabir Panth

Followers of the mystical poet Kabir.

Syncretic

Sant Mat

Inner light and sound meditation traditions.

Syncretic

Radhasoami Faith

Mystical path of inner sound current.

Syncretic

Baul Tradition

Mystic minstrels blending Sufi, Vaishnava, and tantric ideas.

Syncretic

Sama Yoga

Devotional music and singing as spiritual practice.

Syncretic

Yogic Christianity

Christian mysticism blended with yogic ideas.

Syncretic

Modern Mindfulness

Secular Buddhist meditation practice.

Syncretic

Nontheist Spirituality

Non-deity-based practice from Eastern ideas.

Syncretic

Gnostic Buddhism

Syncretic path combining Gnostic and Buddhist elements.

Syncretic