Within the Vedic vision, the sages linked to these scriptures are not regarded as ordinary authors but as *ṛṣis*—seers who “heard” or “saw” the eternal truths that the Vedas embody. The tradition describes the Vedas as *apauruṣeya*, not of human authorship, and as *śruti*, that which is heard, emphasizing revelation rather than composition in the usual literary sense. These seers are thus remembered as recipients and transmitters of sacred sound, whose inner realization allowed the hymns, rituals, and philosophical insights to emerge into human language. Their role is closer to that of transparent channels than creative originators, and the Vedic corpus is seen as a tapestry woven from many such lineages.

Among the most prominent families and individuals associated with the Ṛgveda are the Angirasas, Atris, Bhṛgus, Vasiṣṭhas, Viśvāmitras, Gṛtsamadas, Kaśyapas, Agastya, Gotama and the Gautamas, Bharadvāja and the Bharadvājas, as well as various Kanvas and related clans. These names do not merely denote isolated figures but often entire gotras, suggesting a continuity of insight passed down through spiritual and familial lines. The Atharvaveda, in particular, is traditionally linked with Atharvan and Aṅgiras, whose names evoke an ancient stratum of ritual and mystical practice. In this way, the Vedas are remembered as the shared vision of a constellation of seers rather than the work of a single mind.

The Yajurveda is associated with sages such as Vaiśampāyana and Yājñavalkya, along with teachers connected to specific recensions like the Taittirīya and Kāṭhaka traditions. Their contribution lies especially in the precise formulation and transmission of sacrificial formulas and ritual instructions, which are themselves regarded as expressions of cosmic order rather than mere liturgical technique. The Sāmaveda, drawing heavily on Ṛgvedic material, is linked to rishis such as Jaimini and to lineages like the Kauthumas and Rāṇāyanīyas, who are remembered for shaping the melodic recitation that turns mantra into sacred song. Across these streams, the same underlying revelation is refracted through different ritual, poetic, and musical emphases.

Vedic memory also preserves the idea of great seers whose stature spans the entire tradition, not just one text or school. Among these, Atri, Bhṛgu, Kutsa, Vasiṣṭha, Gautama, Kaśyapa, and Angirasa are revered as paradigmatic sages whose inner vision anchors the authority of the mantras. Alongside them, many hymns are attributed to other notable rishis such as Vishvamitra, Vamadeva, Kanva, and Ghora Angirasa, each representing a distinctive spiritual voice within the shared revelation. The presence of these multiple lineages underscores a central Vedic intuition: that ultimate truth is singular, yet it shines forth through many seers, many families, and many modes of expression.