Advaita Vedanta

Non-dualism; the self (Atman) and ultimate reality (Brahman) are one

Indian Philosophies

Dvaita Vedanta

Dualism; Atman and Brahman are distinct

Indian Philosophies

Vishishtadvaita

Qualified non-dualism; unity with distinctions

Indian Philosophies

Samkhya

Dualistic realism between Purusha (spirit) and Prakriti (matter)

Indian Philosophies

Yoga

Path of self-discipline for spiritual liberation

Indian Philosophies

Nyaya

Logic and epistemology-focused path to truth

Indian Philosophies

Vaisheshika

Atomistic realism about the nature of reality

Indian Philosophies

Purva Mimamsa

Emphasis on Vedic ritual and dharma

Indian Philosophies

Charvaka

Materialism and skepticism about the supernatural

Indian Philosophies

Ajivika

Deterministic philosophy emphasizing fate

Indian Philosophies

Theravāda

Oldest Buddhist school emphasizing monastic discipline

Buddhist Philosophies

Mahāyāna

Greater vehicle; emphasizes compassion and bodhisattva path

Buddhist Philosophies

Vajrayāna

Esoteric Buddhism with tantric practices

Buddhist Philosophies

Madhyamaka

“Middle Way”; reality is empty of inherent nature (śūnyatā)

Buddhist Philosophies

Yogācāra

“Mind-only”; reality is a projection of consciousness

Buddhist Philosophies

Tathāgatagarbha

Buddha-nature philosophy

Buddhist Philosophies

Zen (Chan)

Emphasizes direct experience and meditation over scripture

Buddhist Philosophies

Pure Land

Devotional practice focused on rebirth in Amitabha’s realm

Buddhist Philosophies

Nichiren Buddhism

Faith in the Lotus Sutra as the path to liberation

Buddhist Philosophies

Tiantai

Integration of all Buddhist teachings around the Lotus Sutra

Buddhist Philosophies

Rāja Yoga

Eight-limbed path to meditative absorption

Yoga & Tantra

Jnana Yoga

Path of knowledge and self-inquiry

Yoga & Tantra

Karma Yoga

Selfless action as a path to liberation

Yoga & Tantra

Bhakti Yoga

Devotion to a personal deity

Yoga & Tantra