Simplicity and humility are emphasized because they bring human life into harmony with the Tao, the natural way things are. The text portrays the Tao as plain, unforced, and akin to an “uncarved block” (pu), suggesting an original, unconditioned state. To value simplicity is to strip away artificial desires and complications that obscure this original nature. When life is simplified in this way, perception becomes clearer and less distorted by mental constructs and social conditioning. This clarity allows a more direct, uncontrived way of being, one that conserves energy by avoiding unnecessary pursuits and conflicts. In such simplicity, actions can arise spontaneously and appropriately, without strain.

Humility is presented as a parallel expression of the Tao’s own character, which nourishes all things without claiming credit. By avoiding arrogance and self-assertion, humility prevents ego-driven actions that lead to rivalry, envy, and eventual downfall. The text often uses the image of water, which seeks the low places yet overcomes what is hard and strong, to illustrate this paradoxical strength of lowliness. One who does not compete cannot be defeated, and one who does not elevate oneself remains flexible and resilient. Humility thus creates inner space for natural wisdom to emerge and for genuine influence to arise without coercion.

Both simplicity and humility support the principle of wu-wei, or non-forcing action. When desires are few and the self is not constantly asserting its importance, actions can align more closely with the natural flow of events. This alignment makes conduct more effective and less harmful, since it does not push against the grain of reality. On a social level, such qualities are especially important for those in positions of leadership. A leader who embodies simplicity and humility avoids oppressive measures, keeps regulations and desires few, and allows order to arise more organically. In this way, these virtues are not merely moral ornaments, but practical wisdom for reducing suffering and fostering peace, both inwardly and outwardly.