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Who is traditionally credited with the composition of the Rudra Yamala Tantra?

Within the Shaiva–Shakta tantric tradition, the Rudra Yamala Tantra is regarded not as a human composition but as a revealed scripture. Its authorship is traditionally ascribed to Lord Shiva, understood as the divine source from whom the text emanates. In this view, the tantra is seen as an āgama, a body of sacred knowledge that descends from the deity rather than arising from an identifiable historical author. The human compiler or redactor, if any, remains unknown and is not foregrounded in the tradition’s own self-understanding.

The text is further characterized as a dialogue in which Shiva imparts esoteric teachings to Goddess Parvati. This teacher–disciple exchange between Shiva and Parvati is emblematic of the yamala, or paired, structure that gives the work its name. Thus, the Rudra Yamala Tantra is revered as a divine revelation in dialogic form, with Shiva as the ultimate revealer and Parvati as the recipient of the teachings. From a traditional standpoint, to speak of its “composer” is therefore to speak of Shiva himself as the originator of the tantra’s wisdom.