Gaudiya Vaishnavism is a devotional tradition within Hinduism that arose in the region of Bengal, historically known as Gauda, in the sixteenth century. It was propagated and systematized by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who is revered as the central figure of the movement. At its heart stands a distinctive form of Krishna-bhakti that regards Krishna as the supreme form of God, and Radha as His eternal consort and the embodiment of divine love. Together, Radha and Krishna are honored as the supreme divine couple, and their loving relationship is held up as the highest spiritual ideal.

The theological vision of this tradition is articulated through the doctrine of *achintya-bheda-abheda*, the “inconceivable oneness and difference” between the individual soul and the Supreme. This teaching affirms that the soul is simultaneously one with and different from Krishna, allowing for intimate devotion without erasing the distinction between devotee and divinity. The ultimate goal is *prema*, pure love for Radha-Krishna, understood as eternal loving service in their spiritual realm, often associated with Vrindavan. Liberation, in this view, is not merely escape from the cycle of rebirth, but entrance into a relationship of deep, personal devotion.

In practice, Gaudiya Vaishnavism is centered on *bhakti-yoga*, devotional service as the primary means of spiritual realization. Congregational chanting of the Hare Krishna mantra (*sankirtana*), individual repetition of the divine names (*japa*), and devotional singing and dancing form the living core of its spirituality. These practices are supported by the study and recitation of sacred texts such as the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavata Purana (Śrīmad Bhāgavatam), and hagiographical works like the Chaitanya Charitamrita, along with the writings of key theologians who codified Chaitanya’s teachings. Through these disciplines, practitioners seek inner transformation and a deepening remembrance of Krishna’s pastimes, especially those associated with Vrindavan.

Historically, this movement revitalized religious life in Bengal and surrounding regions, shaping devotional literature, music, and performance. Its emphasis on heartfelt devotion made spiritual life accessible across social boundaries, inviting participation through shared chanting and communal worship. Over time, various lineages in places such as Bengal and Vrindavan have carried this current forward, and it has also become known globally through missions that present themselves as expressions of Gaudiya Vaishnava theology and practice. At its core, the tradition continues to orient seekers toward an ever-deepening, loving relationship with Radha-Krishna as the supreme reality.