Humanistic Buddhism understands what is commonly called “self” as a useful, conventional designation for the ever-changing flow of body and mind, rather than as a fixed, independent entity. The personality is described as a composite of changing processes, and there is no permanent ego or soul standing behind them. This view does not deny the practical reality of personal identity; instead, it situates the individual within a web of relationships and interdependence. Recognizing this lack of a solid, separate self loosens rigid self-centeredness and opens the way for a broader, more inclusive sense of identity.

Within this framework, ego-attachment is regarded as a major source of suffering, yet the emphasis falls on transformation rather than outright eradication of the personality. Humanistic Buddhism does not advocate erasing individuality or becoming passive; it affirms healthy self-respect, responsibility, and the meaningful role of personal agency. The task is to redirect self-centered tendencies—such as selfishness, pride, and defensiveness—toward wisdom, compassion, and service. In this sense, the ego is not simply an enemy to be destroyed, but a set of habits that can be reshaped for beneficial purposes.

Practice is thus oriented toward moving from a narrow, ego-centered identity to a “greater self” that includes others. As the interdependence of all beings becomes clearer, the imagined hard boundary between “self” and “others” softens, and concern naturally extends to the well-being of society as a whole. Personal development and self-cultivation are encouraged, yet they are measured by the capacity to alleviate suffering and contribute to collective well-being. This shift in identity motivates social engagement, altruistic action, and a life of compassionate service.

In daily life, Humanistic Buddhism often expresses these insights in psychological and ethical terms, focusing on how ego-clinging appears in concrete relationships. By working with habitual patterns of craving, aversion, and conceit, practitioners aim to weaken reactions such as anger, envy, and insecurity. As these ego-driven patterns lose their grip, emotional balance and cooperation become more stable, and compassion can function more freely. In this way, the understanding of self and ego is not an abstract doctrine, but a guiding vision for living meaningfully and harmoniously in the human world.