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Upanishads

Philosophical treatises on the nature of reality and the Self.

What are the Upanishads and why are they central to Indian philosophical tradition?
When were the Upanishads composed and how do scholars determine their historical dates?
Who are the main authors or sages associated with the major Upanishads?
How do the Upanishads define the ultimate reality known as Brahman?
What is the Upanishadic concept of the Self (Atman) and its relationship to Brahman?
How do the Upanishads explain the nature and role of Maya (illusion) in human experience?
What is the significance of mahavakyas like “Tat tvam asi” in conveying Upanishadic wisdom?
How do the Upanishads describe the path to liberation (moksha) and self-realization?
In what ways do the Upanishads differ from the earlier Vedic karma and ritual texts?
Which Upanishads are considered principal or authoritative, and why?
How did the philosopher Shankaracharya interpret and comment on the Upanishads?
What does the doctrine of neti neti (“not this, not that”) reveal about Upanishadic inquiry?
How do the Upanishads address the problem of suffering, death, and rebirth?
What role do meditation and contemplative practices play in the teachings of the Upanishads?
How have the Upanishads influenced Western philosophy and modern spiritual movements?
What is the relationship between Vedanta as a school and the teachings of the Upanishads?
How can contemporary readers approach and study the Upanishads effectively?
Which stories or dialogues in the Upanishads best illustrate their core philosophical messages?
How do the Upanishads reconcile the unity of existence with the diversity of the world?
Are there notable feminist or alternative interpretations of the Upanishadic texts?