Scriptures & Spiritual Texts  Ryobu Shinto Scriptures FAQs  FAQ
Are there English translations or commentaries available for Ryobu Shinto scriptures?

Full, stand-alone English editions of Ryōbu Shintō scriptures remain elusive, but several gateways into the tradition do exist:

  1. Academic Articles with Partial Translations
    • Bernard Faure’s “Ryōbu Shintō: Fusing Buddhism and Shinto” (Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 2004) offers translated snippets from ritual manuals alongside sharp analysis of how Amaterasu and Dainichi merge.
    • John Breen and Mark Teeuwen’s chapter in Shinto in History of Japanese Religion (2010) includes short passages from the Zahayusō and explores their broader doctrinal twists.

  2. Broader Surveys Touching on Key Texts
    • Joseph Kitagawa’s On Understanding Japanese Religion (University of Hawai‘i Press) unwraps the Buddhist-Shinto fusion, quoting core Ryōbu prayers and mantras.
    • Jason Ānanda Josephson’s recent symposium proceedings (Nanzan University 2023) feature English summaries of Inaba Noritada’s ritual compendium, including the Shintō-style mudrā instructions.

  3. Ritual Translations in Esoteric Buddhism Studies
    • François Cleary’s Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras of Kūkai (2017) doesn’t translate a full Ryōbu text but provides parallels between Shingon rites and Ryōbu invocations of Shinto deities.
    • Richard K. Payne’s Tantric Ritual in Chinese Buddhism (2021) includes footnoted comparisons that illuminate how Ryōbu Shintō adapts esoteric mudrā lists for shrine-based ceremonies.

For anyone itching to read original mantras, the Digital Ryōbu Shintō Initiative at the University of Tokyo (ongoing since 2022) is digitizing and annotating key Heian manuscripts—English prose outlines are already viewable on their website. Until a complete, standalone translation appears, these piecemeal offerings and symposia proceedings are the best route into the rich, kaleidoscopic world where Shinto kami and Dainichi radiance weave into one.