According to Ramesh Balsekar, enlightenment is the realization that there is no separate individual self, and that everything is happening according to the will of the universe. He defines it as the understanding that there is no doer, only the happening of actions. This concept is rooted in the philosophy of Advaita, which states that there is only one ultimate reality, and all apparent distinctions and dualities are illusory.

Balsekar explains that the ego, or the sense of individual self, is the root cause of all suffering and dissatisfaction. The ego creates a false sense of control and responsibility, leading to attachment, desires, and fears. However, enlightenment is the recognition that there is no individual self to take credit or blame for actions, and that everything is unfolding according to the universal laws.

He further clarifies that enlightenment is not a state to be achieved, but rather a realization of what already exists. It is a shift in perspective, a change in perception, rather than a change in circumstances. Balsekar emphasizes that enlightenment is not a personal achievement, but a grace that is bestowed upon an individual by the universe.

According to Balsekar, one cannot attain enlightenment through effort or striving, as it is beyond the control of the individual self. Instead, it is the surrendering of the ego and the acceptance of the present moment that leads to enlightenment. He often uses the analogy of a river flowing towards the ocean, representing the individual self surrendering to the universal will.

Balsekar also states that enlightenment does not mean the end of desires or emotions. Instead, it is the understanding that these are natural and inevitable aspects of human existence. The enlightened individual is not free from desires, but rather free from the attachment and identification with them.

In summary, Ramesh Balsekar defines enlightenment as the realization of the non-existence of an individual self and the surrendering to the universal will. It is a shift in perception, not a state to be achieved through effort. Through his teachings, Balsekar encourages individuals to let go of their ego and embrace the present moment as it is, leading to a state of peace and contentment.