Buddhism, founded by Gautama Buddha, is a religion and philosophy that has had a profound impact on the world. It has evolved over time, giving rise to different schools of thought and practices. Two major branches of Buddhism that emerged after Buddha's death are Theravada and Mahayana. While both are influenced by the teachings of Gautama Buddha, they have some fundamental differences.

Theravada, also known as the "Doctrine of the Elders," is the oldest surviving school of Buddhism. It is prevalent in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos. It is based on the Pali Canon, which is believed to be the most accurate record of Buddha's teachings. Theravada focuses on the original teachings of Buddha and emphasizes the individual's path to enlightenment. It emphasizes the importance of meditation and self-discipline to achieve enlightenment. Therefore, Theravada Buddhism is often referred to as the "Way of the Elders."

On the other hand, Mahayana, also known as the "Great Vehicle," emerged around the 1st century CE and is prevalent in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. It is based on the Sanskrit Canon and includes additional texts and teachings that are not found in the Pali Canon. Mahayana Buddhism emphasizes the role of Bodhisattvas, enlightened beings who postpone their own enlightenment to help others achieve it. It also emphasizes compassion and the idea of universal salvation, where all beings can attain enlightenment, not just monks and nuns.

One of the main differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism is their understanding of the concept of the self. Theravada Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion, and the ultimate goal is to reach nirvana, a state of complete liberation from suffering. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, teaches the concept of the "Buddha nature," which means that everyone has the potential to become a Buddha. Therefore, the goal in Mahayana Buddhism is not just personal enlightenment but also helping others achieve it.

Another significant difference is the role of rituals and ceremonies. Theravada Buddhism is more focused on individual practice and does not place much emphasis on rituals and ceremonies. In contrast, Mahayana Buddhism incorporates various rituals and ceremonies, such as chanting, bowing, and making offerings, as a means to cultivate compassion and wisdom.

In terms of the organization and structure, Theravada Buddhism is more decentralized, with each monastery being autonomous. In contrast, Mahayana Buddhism has a more centralized structure, with a hierarchy of teachers and monasteries.

In conclusion, while both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism are influenced by the teachings of Gautama Buddha, they have some fundamental differences. Theravada emphasizes individual practice and the path to personal enlightenment, while Mahayana emphasizes compassion and the potential for universal enlightenment. Both branches have their unique practices and teachings, but they share the ultimate goal of achieving liberation