Neo-Shintoism is a modern philosophical interpretation of Shinto, a traditional religion native to Japan. It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century as a response to the modernization and Westernization of Japan. Neo-Shintoism places a strong emphasis on the concept of kami, which can be translated as "gods," "spirits," or "divine beings."

In Neo-Shintoism, kami are seen as the divine essence or energy that permeates all things in the universe. They are not anthropomorphic deities, but rather a force that is present in all natural phenomena and living beings. This view of kami is influenced by the Shinto concept of animism, which holds that everything in nature has a spirit or soul.

One of the key beliefs in Neo-Shintoism is that humans are inherently connected to kami and the natural world. This is reflected in the concept of kamigakari, which means "divine possession." According to this belief, humans can experience a spiritual awakening and become vessels for kami, allowing them to communicate with the divine and gain wisdom and guidance.

Neo-Shintoism also emphasizes the importance of harmony and balance in the relationship between humans and kami. This is reflected in the practice of purification rituals, such as misogi, which involve cleansing the body and mind to align oneself with the divine and achieve a state of harmony.

Another key aspect of Neo-Shintoism's view of kami is the belief in the innate goodness and benevolence of these divine beings. Unlike some other religious traditions, Neo-Shintoism does not see kami as judgmental or punishing, but rather as compassionate and loving entities. This belief is reflected in the practice of thanking and showing gratitude to kami for their blessings and guidance.

In summary, Neo-Shintoism views kami as the divine essence that permeates all things in the universe and emphasizes the interconnectedness between humans, kami, and nature. It also emphasizes the importance of harmony and balance in this relationship and sees kami as benevolent and compassionate beings. Overall, the concept of kami in Neo-Shintoism reflects a deep reverence and appreciation for the natural world and a belief in the inherent goodness and divinity of all things.