Neo-Shintoism, also known as "New Shintoism," is a modern interpretation of the traditional Japanese religion of Shinto. It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to the rapid modernization and Westernization of Japan. While traditional Shinto focuses on the worship of kami (spirits or deities) and the connection with nature, Neo-Shintoism emphasizes the philosophical and ethical aspects of the religion.

One of the main differences between Neo-Shintoism and traditional Shinto is the emphasis on the philosophical interpretation of Shinto. Traditional Shinto is primarily focused on ritual practices and the worship of kami, while Neo-Shintoism places a greater emphasis on the philosophical and spiritual aspects of the religion. This includes the study and interpretation of Shinto texts, such as the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, which outline the creation myths and history of Japan.

Another difference is the incorporation of Confucian and Buddhist teachings into Neo-Shintoism. This is due to the influence of these religions on Japanese society during the modernization period. Neo-Shintoism sees these teachings as complementary to Shinto beliefs and incorporates them into its philosophical framework. For example, Confucian principles of morality and social harmony are seen as important aspects of living a virtuous life in accordance with Shinto beliefs.

In addition, Neo-Shintoism places a greater emphasis on individual spiritual growth and self-reflection. It encourages followers to seek their own understanding of Shinto beliefs and to develop a personal relationship with the kami. This differs from traditional Shinto, which is more focused on community and collective worship.

Another key difference is the role of the emperor in Neo-Shintoism. While traditional Shinto views the emperor as a direct descendant of the kami and a central figure in religious ceremonies, Neo-Shintoism sees the emperor as a symbol of the nation and its cultural heritage. This shift in perspective is a result of the decline of the imperial system in Japan and the separation of religion and state.

Overall, Neo-Shintoism differs from traditional Shinto in its emphasis on philosophical interpretation, incorporation of other religious teachings, focus on individual spiritual growth, and changing views on the role of the emperor. However, both forms of Shinto share a reverence for nature and the kami, as well as a belief in the importance of living in harmony with the world around us.