Soka Gakkai is a lay-based, modern Nichiren practice that originated in Japan in the early 20th century. Its roots can be traced back to the teachings of Nichiren, a 13th century Buddhist monk who believed in the Lotus Sutra as the ultimate expression of Buddhist teachings.

The founder of Soka Gakkai, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, was a dedicated educator and follower of Nichiren Buddhism. He was deeply troubled by the social and political issues plaguing Japan during that time, such as poverty, war, and the rising influence of militarism.

In 1928, Makiguchi met Josei Toda, a young businessman who shared his beliefs and passion for Nichiren's teachings. Together, they formed a study group to discuss and deepen their understanding of the Lotus Sutra. This group would eventually become the foundation of Soka Gakkai.

Under Makiguchi's leadership, Soka Gakkai grew rapidly and gained a large following. However, their activities were met with resistance from the Japanese government, which at the time was promoting Shintoism as the state religion. Makiguchi and Toda were both arrested and imprisoned for their beliefs.

Despite facing persecution and imprisonment, Soka Gakkai continued to grow and spread its teachings. In 1945, after the end of World War II, Toda was released from prison and took over leadership of the organization. He focused on rebuilding and expanding Soka Gakkai, which had suffered greatly during the war.

Toda's successor, Daisaku Ikeda, played a crucial role in the development and global expansion of Soka Gakkai. Under his leadership, the organization grew into an international movement, with millions of members in over 190 countries and territories.

Today, Soka Gakkai continues to promote the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism and the practice of chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo as a means to achieve inner transformation and contribute to peace and happiness in society. Its members are actively involved in various humanitarian and cultural activities, and the organization has gained recognition for its efforts in promoting peace, education, and social welfare.

In conclusion, the origins of Soka Gakkai can be traced back to the teachings of Nichiren and the efforts of its founders, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi and Josei Toda, to spread his teachings and promote peace and happiness in society. The organization has since grown into a global movement with a strong emphasis on individual empowerment and social contribution.