Vajrayāna, also known as Esoteric Buddhism or Tantric Buddhism, is a form of Buddhism that originated in India and spread to Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, and other parts of East and Central Asia. It is based on the Mahayana tradition and is considered to be the most advanced and profound form of Buddhism.

The term Vajrayāna comes from the Sanskrit word "vajra" which means diamond or thunderbolt, and "yāna" which means vehicle or path. This reflects the belief that Vajrayāna is a powerful and swift path to enlightenment, likened to a diamond that can cut through all illusions and obstacles.

One of the main differences between Vajrayāna and other forms of Buddhism is its emphasis on tantric practices. Tantra refers to a set of esoteric techniques and rituals that are used to achieve enlightenment in a shorter period of time. These practices involve the use of mantras, mudras (hand gestures), mandalas (sacred diagrams), and visualization of deities.

In Vajrayāna, the ultimate goal is to attain enlightenment and become a Buddha in one lifetime, rather than through multiple rebirths. This is achieved through the practice of tantra and the use of skillful means, such as manipulating the subtle energies within the body, to overcome obstacles and purify the mind.

Another key aspect of Vajrayāna is the role of the guru or spiritual teacher. In this tradition, the guru is seen as a necessary guide and embodiment of the Buddha's teachings. The guru-student relationship is considered essential for the transmission of esoteric teachings and practices.

Vajrayāna also places great importance on the use of symbols, rituals, and ceremonies. These serve as powerful tools for spiritual transformation and are believed to have the ability to connect the practitioner with the enlightened mind of the Buddha.

In contrast to other forms of Buddhism, Vajrayāna also includes the worship of deities and the use of deity yoga. This involves visualizing oneself as a particular deity and meditating on their qualities to cultivate those qualities within oneself.

In summary, Vajrayāna is a unique form of Buddhism that emphasizes the use of tantric practices, the role of the guru, and the use of symbols and rituals to achieve enlightenment in one lifetime. It is a path that requires dedication, devotion, and a deep understanding of the teachings, but offers a swift and powerful means to reach the ultimate goal of Buddhahood.