Madhvacharya, also known as Ananda Tirtha, was a prominent Hindu philosopher and theologian who lived in the 13th century. He is considered to be the founder of the Dvaita Vedanta school of thought, which is one of the major schools of Vedanta. The word "Dvaita" means duality, and this school of thought emphasizes the existence of a fundamental duality between the individual self (Jiva) and the Supreme Being (Brahman). This concept of duality is the key difference between Dvaita Vedanta and other schools of Vedanta, which primarily focus on the non-dual nature of reality.

One of the main differences between Dvaita Vedanta and other schools of Vedanta, such as Advaita and Vishishtadvaita, is the understanding of the relationship between the individual self and the Supreme Being. In Advaita Vedanta, the individual self is considered to be identical to the Supreme Being, and the ultimate goal is to realize this identity through self-inquiry and meditation. On the other hand, in Dvaita Vedanta, the individual self is seen as distinct from the Supreme Being, and the ultimate goal is to attain a loving relationship with the Supreme Being through devotion and surrender.

Another key difference between Dvaita Vedanta and other schools of Vedanta is the understanding of the nature of the world. In Advaita Vedanta, the world is considered to be an illusion (Maya) and ultimately unreal, while in Dvaita Vedanta, the world is seen as a real and distinct creation of the Supreme Being. This view is based on the belief that the Supreme Being is the ultimate cause of all creation and is actively involved in the functioning of the world.

Dvaita Vedanta also differs from other schools of Vedanta in its understanding of the nature of the individual self. In Advaita Vedanta, the individual self is considered to be ultimately non-existent, and the goal is to realize this truth through self-inquiry. In Dvaita Vedanta, the individual self is seen as a real and eternal entity, distinct from the Supreme Being. This view is based on the belief that the individual self is a part of the Supreme Being, but still maintains its own unique identity.

Furthermore, Dvaita Vedanta also has a different understanding of the concept of liberation (Moksha). In Advaita Vedanta, liberation is seen as the realization of one's true identity as the Supreme Being and the end of all suffering. In Dvaita Vedanta, liberation is seen as attaining a loving relationship with the Supreme Being, where the individual self remains distinct but enjoys eternal bliss in the presence of the Supreme Being.

In conclusion, the key difference between Dvaita Vedanta and other schools of Vedanta lies in its emphasis on the duality between the individual self