Nagarjuna was a Buddhist philosopher who lived in India during the 2nd century CE. He is considered to be the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Buddhism. His philosophy differs from other Buddhist schools in several key ways.

Firstly, Nagarjuna's philosophy is based on the concept of "emptiness" or "shunyata". He argued that all phenomena, including the self, are ultimately empty of inherent existence. This differs from other Buddhist schools, such as Theravada, which focus on the concept of "not-self" or the lack of a permanent, independent self. Nagarjuna's emphasis on emptiness challenges the traditional understanding of reality and encourages practitioners to let go of attachments and notions of a fixed self.

Secondly, Nagarjuna's philosophy also differs from other schools in its approach to the Middle Way. While other schools, such as the Yogacara and Theravada, interpret the Middle Way as a balance between extremes, Nagarjuna sees it as the ultimate nature of reality. He argues that all phenomena exist in a state of interdependence and are neither inherently existent nor non-existent. This understanding of the Middle Way is unique to the Madhyamaka school.

Furthermore, Nagarjuna's philosophy also differs from other schools in its use of logic and reasoning. He believed that the ultimate truth could only be understood through the use of logical analysis. This sets him apart from other schools, such as Zen, which emphasize the importance of direct experience and intuition in understanding reality. Nagarjuna's use of logic and reasoning also distinguishes the Madhyamaka school from other Buddhist schools, which tend to focus more on meditation and other spiritual practices.

In addition, Nagarjuna's philosophy also differs from other schools in its rejection of the concept of causality. He argued that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence, including the concept of causality. This differs from other schools, such as Theravada, which see causality as a fundamental principle of reality. Nagarjuna's rejection of causality highlights the non-dual nature of reality and challenges traditional notions of cause and effect.

In conclusion, Nagarjuna's philosophy differs from other Buddhist schools in its emphasis on emptiness, its understanding of the Middle Way, its use of logic and reasoning, and its rejection of causality. His teachings have had a significant impact on the development of Buddhism and continue to be studied and practiced by many today.