Ramana Maharshi, also known as the Sage of Arunachala, lived and taught in the town of Tiruvannamalai, located in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. This town is situated at the base of the sacred Arunachala mountain, which is believed to be a manifestation of Lord Shiva.

Ramana Maharshi was born in 1879 in a small village called Tiruchuli in Tamil Nadu. At the age of 16, he had a profound spiritual experience where he felt a strong fear of death and began questioning the nature of his existence. This experience led him to leave his family and home and travel to Tiruvannamalai, where he eventually settled at the foot of Arunachala.

He spent the rest of his life living in a small ashram at the base of the mountain, known as Sri Ramanasramam, which became a spiritual hub for seekers from all over the world. Ramana Maharshi's teachings were based on the philosophy of Advaita, or non-dualism, which emphasizes the oneness of all beings and the ultimate reality of the Self or Brahman.

Ramana Maharshi's teachings were not limited to any particular religion or belief system, and he welcomed people from all walks of life to come and learn from him. He taught through silent transmission, known as "mauna," and encouraged his followers to inquire into the nature of their own minds and to seek the source of their true selves.

Many people were drawn to Ramana Maharshi's presence and teachings, and his ashram became a place of pilgrimage for spiritual seekers. He also wrote several books and poems, which continue to inspire and guide people on the path of self-inquiry.

Ramana Maharshi lived a simple and humble life, spending most of his time in meditation and self-reflection. He passed away in 1950, but his teachings and legacy continue to live on through the ashram and the many devotees who continue to study and practice his teachings.

In conclusion, Ramana Maharshi lived and taught in the town of Tiruvannamalai, at the foot of the sacred Arunachala mountain in southern India. His teachings of Advaita and self-inquiry continue to inspire and guide people on the path of self-discovery and realization of the ultimate truth.