Advaita, also known as non-dualism, is a philosophical concept that originated in ancient India. It teaches that there is only one ultimate reality, referred to as Brahman, and that the individual self, or Atman, is ultimately one with Brahman. This concept is central to Hinduism and is also found in other Indian religions such as Buddhism and Jainism.

Ramana Maharshi, also known as the Sage of Arunachala, was a renowned teacher of Advaita who lived in the early 20th century. He is considered to be one of the most influential spiritual teachers of modern India.

Maharshi's teachings were based on his own personal experience of self-realization, which he attained at the age of 16. He believed that the true nature of the self is pure consciousness and that the mind and body are mere illusions. He taught that the ultimate goal of human existence is to realize this truth and to break free from the cycle of birth and death.

One of the main ways in which Maharshi taught Advaita was through the practice of self-inquiry. He encouraged his followers to constantly question and investigate the nature of the self, asking themselves "Who am I?" in order to discover their true identity as pure consciousness. He believed that by constantly focusing on this question, one could eventually transcend the limitations of the mind and experience the true nature of the self.

Maharshi also emphasized the importance of surrendering the ego and letting go of attachments and desires. He taught that the ego is the root cause of suffering and that by surrendering it, one could attain inner peace and true happiness.

Another important aspect of Maharshi's teachings was the practice of silence and stillness. He believed that the mind is constantly chattering and that true understanding can only come when the mind is quiet. He encouraged his followers to practice meditation and to remain in a state of inner stillness, in order to experience the true nature of the self.

Maharshi's teachings were simple yet profound, and they continue to inspire and guide spiritual seekers all over the world. His emphasis on self-inquiry, surrender, and stillness are timeless principles that can help individuals on their journey towards self-realization. As he famously said, "Silence is the true language of the wise, and the only language that can convey the ultimate truth."