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What is the role of spirits in Bön?

In Bön, spirits play a significant role in the religious beliefs and practices of the indigenous Tibetan people. These spirits are believed to inhabit the natural world and have the power to influence human affairs. They are seen as both benevolent and malevolent beings, and are often referred to as "gods" or "demons" in Western terminology.

The Bön religion recognizes three main categories of spirits: the enlightened beings, the worldly spirits, and the elemental spirits. The enlightened beings are seen as divine and are revered as protectors and guides. They are believed to have achieved enlightenment and are seen as sources of wisdom and compassion. The worldly spirits, on the other hand, are believed to be the spirits of deceased humans who have not yet found their way to the afterlife. They are seen as restless and can cause harm if not appeased. The elemental spirits are associated with the natural elements such as earth, water, fire, and air. They are believed to be powerful forces that can be both beneficial and destructive.

In Bön, spirits are seen as integral to the balance of the natural world and are often invoked in rituals and ceremonies. Offerings and prayers are made to these spirits in order to gain their favor and protection. The Bön practitioners also believe that spirits can be communicated with through mediums and oracles, who act as intermediaries between the human and spirit realms.

One of the key practices in Bön is the propitiation of spirits, where offerings and rituals are performed to appease and gain the favor of the spirits. This is done to ensure protection, prosperity, and success in various aspects of life such as health, wealth, and relationships. For example, the practice of Sang, which involves offering food and drink to the spirits, is believed to bring good luck and blessings.

In addition to propitiation, Bön also has rituals and practices for warding off and dispelling negative spirits and energies. These rituals involve the use of various protective amulets, mantras, and visualizations to create a protective shield against malevolent spirits.

Overall, the role of spirits in Bön is deeply intertwined with the daily lives of the practitioners. They are seen as powerful beings that can influence human affairs and are both feared and revered. The Bön practitioners believe that by acknowledging and respecting the spirits, they can maintain harmony and balance in the natural world and lead a fulfilling life.