The ultimate goal of Samkhya philosophy is to attain liberation or moksha through the understanding and realization of the true nature of the self and the world. This philosophy is based on the concept of dualistic realism, which states that there are two fundamental realities – Purusha (spirit) and Prakriti (matter).

Purusha is the pure consciousness, the eternal and unchanging essence of the self. It is the witness of all experiences and is completely detached from the material world. On the other hand, Prakriti is the material world, made up of the three gunas (qualities) – sattva (purity), rajas (activity), and tamas (inertia). Prakriti is constantly changing and is the cause of all manifestation and experience.

According to Samkhya philosophy, the ultimate goal is to realize the distinction between Purusha and Prakriti and to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death. This can be achieved by understanding the true nature of the self and the world, and by transcending the influence of Prakriti.

The path to liberation in Samkhya philosophy involves a process of discrimination and detachment. Discrimination refers to the ability to distinguish between the self and the non-self, between Purusha and Prakriti. Detachment, on the other hand, refers to the ability to detach oneself from the material world and its desires, and to focus on the true nature of the self.

Through this process, one can attain the state of kaivalya, which is the ultimate goal of Samkhya philosophy. Kaivalya is a state of absolute freedom and liberation, where the individual is completely detached from the material world and experiences pure consciousness. In this state, one is free from all suffering and is in complete harmony with the universe.

In conclusion, the ultimate goal of Samkhya philosophy is to attain liberation or moksha through the understanding and realization of the true nature of the self and the world. This can be achieved by discriminating between Purusha and Prakriti, and by detaching oneself from the material world to attain the state of kaivalya. By following this path, one can achieve ultimate freedom and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.