Mahāyāna, which translates to "Greater Vehicle" in Sanskrit, is a major branch of Buddhism that emerged around the 1st century CE. It is a path that emphasizes compassion and the bodhisattva ideal, which is the aspiration to attain enlightenment for the benefit of all beings.

Mahāyāna Buddhism originated in India and spread to other parts of Asia, including China, Japan, and Tibet. It is often contrasted with the other major branch of Buddhism, Theravāda, which is known as the "Hinayāna" or "Lesser Vehicle." However, this term is considered derogatory by Mahāyāna practitioners and is not an accurate representation of Theravāda Buddhism.

One of the key teachings of Mahāyāna is the concept of emptiness (śūnyatā). This refers to the idea that all phenomena, including ourselves, are empty of inherent existence. This does not mean that things do not exist, but rather that they do not exist independently or permanently. This understanding of emptiness is crucial to the Mahāyāna path, as it allows for the development of compassion and the bodhisattva ideal.

In Mahāyāna, the ultimate goal is not just personal liberation from suffering, but the liberation of all beings. This is achieved through the bodhisattva path, which involves cultivating wisdom and compassion through practices such as meditation, ethical conduct, and the cultivation of virtues such as generosity and patience.

Mahāyāna also places a strong emphasis on the role of the bodhisattva, a being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in the cycle of rebirth to help others. The bodhisattva is seen as a compassionate and selfless guide who helps others on their path to enlightenment. This is in contrast to the Theravāda view, where the ultimate goal is personal liberation and the role of the Buddha is seen as a teacher and example.

Another important aspect of Mahāyāna is the belief in multiple Buddhas and bodhisattvas, each representing different aspects of enlightenment. These figures are often seen as compassionate and approachable deities who can assist practitioners on their path.

In summary, Mahāyāna is a branch of Buddhism that emphasizes compassion, the bodhisattva ideal, and the understanding of emptiness. It offers a path for those who aspire to not only achieve personal liberation but also to help others attain enlightenment. Through its teachings and practices, Mahāyāna aims to cultivate wisdom, compassion, and ultimately, the liberation of all beings from suffering.