Ajivika
What are the main texts or scriptures of Ajivika?
The Ajivika philosophy, also known as the Ajivikism, is an ancient Indian school of thought that emerged around the same time as Buddhism and Jainism. It was founded by Makkhali Gosala, who was a contemporary of Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. The Ajivika philosophy is based on the concept of determinism, which emphasizes that all events and actions in the universe are predetermined by fate or destiny.
The main texts or scriptures of Ajivika are known as the "Gosala Suttas" or the "Suttas of Gosala." These texts were originally composed in the Pali language and were later translated into Sanskrit. The Gosala Suttas are a collection of teachings and discourses attributed to Makkhali Gosala, the founder of Ajivikism.
One of the most important texts in the Ajivika tradition is the "Samannaphala Sutta," which is also known as the "Sutta on the Fruits of the Contemplative Life." This text is believed to be the earliest recorded discourse of Makkhali Gosala and is considered to be the foundation of the Ajivika philosophy. It discusses the concept of determinism and the role of fate in shaping one's life.
Another important text in the Ajivika tradition is the "Mahasamghika Vinaya," which is a collection of rules and regulations for the Ajivika monastic order. This text outlines the code of conduct for Ajivika monks and nuns and provides guidelines for their daily lives. It is believed that this text was compiled during the reign of King Asoka, a patron of Buddhism, and was heavily influenced by Buddhist texts.
Apart from these primary texts, there are also several other texts and scriptures that are considered important in the Ajivika tradition. These include the "Nigantha Sutta," which discusses the Ajivika view on the nature of the self, and the "Purana Kassapa Sutta," which outlines the Ajivika belief in a cyclical universe.
In addition to these texts, there are also a few inscriptions and archaeological artifacts that provide insights into the Ajivika philosophy. These include the "Brahmagiri Rock Inscription," which mentions the Ajivika ascetic tradition, and the "Lauriya Nandangarh Pillar Inscription," which mentions the Ajivika teacher, Devadatta.
In conclusion, the main texts or scriptures of Ajivika are the "Gosala Suttas" or the "Suttas of Gosala." These texts, along with other important scriptures and inscriptions, provide a glimpse into the beliefs and practices of this ancient Indian school of thought.